McCollum, A.B., Bunnell, D.B. and Stein, R.A., 2003. Cold, northern winters: the importance of temperature to overwinter mortality of age-0 white crappies. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 132(5), pp.977-987.
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Pomoxis annularis | Larvae | Temperature during larval development | Rather, osmoregulatory failure may have occurred during exposure to temperatures colder than 4°C for at least 1 week. Thus, the availability of warm (≥4°C), oxygenated water during winter may be critical to the survival of age-0 white crappies. In the northern portion of their range, winter temperatures may account for some of the recruitment variability common to white crappie populations. | 4.0 °C |